Techno-Economic Analysis of Atmospheric Water Generation by Hybrid Nanofluids to Mitigate Global Water Scarcity

Globally, multiple efforts are being made to develop active atmospheric water generation (AWG) or extraction (AWE) systems, particularly using direct air-cooling technology produce from ambient air. However, this legacy technique is highly energy-intensive; it can only be operated when the local dew point above freezing of water, and does not scale create enough offer solutions for most industries, services, agriculture. Liquid-desiccant-based AWG methods show promising performance advantages, a versatile approach help address thermodynamics, health risks, geographic constraints currently encountered by conventional systems. In study, we performed techno-economic analysis liquid-desiccant-based system with continuous operating style. An energy balance was on single design configuration while LiCl liquid desiccant loaded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We showed that MWCNTs doped in effective heat transfer during desorption, resulting lowering sensible load ?49% system. demonstrated specific consumption (SEC) obtained as low 0.67 kWh per US gallon, changing inlet stream concentration MWCNT-doped under given conditions. While production cost (COW) significant regional dependency, economic revealed produced at minimum selling price USD 0.085 based 2021 annual average wholesale electricity 0.125 U.S.A., thereby providing strong foundation future research meet desirable competitive costs 2026, but before 2031.